- Punjab politics is about reasserting the Sikh identity. Kartarpur Corridor was used by the Congress to reduce the Akali’s dominant role in Sikh religious affairs.
Whilst
Punjabis worldwide celebrate opening of the Kartarpur Corridor, it is also a
subtle move by Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh to assume a central role
in the Sikh Panth. Read on.
Before I go on to explain, first, a background.
In
1902, the first Sikh political organization, the Chief Khalsa Diwan, was
founded. It was a coordinating body for the Singh Sabhas.
Although the Singh Sabha movement died out in the 1920's, it awakened the Sikhs. They questioned why the job of a granthi
(scripture reader) was done by members of the Udasi order (believed in idol worship, not followers of Khalsa)
even though it was the practice since the Mughal times.
The
Akalis took control of the gurudwaras after throwing out the mahants.
The
success of these protests against Udasis produced two institutions that dominate
Punjab today - the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) and the Akali
Dal.
The
more radical elements organised a semi-military corps of volunteers known as
the Akali Dal (army of immortals) to fight for SGPC causes. Its aim was to give
expression to a revived sense of Sikh identity.
The Akalis entered into a dispute with the British for the control of Sikh gurudwaras. In 1925, the Sikh Gurudwaras Act was passed. By virtue of its control over gurudwara affairs and revenue, SGPC became an important body. The Akalis are yet to relinquish control since 1925.
Since then control of Sikh religious affairs, through the SGPC, is the
key to political power in Punjab. The Congress has been trying to gain control
over it for decades.
On
becoming chief minister in 1972, Giani Zail Singh tried his best to wrest
control of the SGPC and used every opportunity to placate Sikh religious
sentiments and assert Sikh identity. In order to regain the initiative, the
Akali Dal Working Committee passed the Anandpur Sahib Resolution in 1973.
Since then this pattern of politics, competitive communalism and
brinkmanship, has been the hallmark of Punjab.
In
2017 Congress won the Punjab assembly elections. Like earlier Congress leaders,
Captain Amarinder Singh wanted to reassert Sikh identity and control SGPC.
Navjot Singh Sidhu’s suggestion for opening the Kartarpur Corridor gave Captain the opening he wanted.
In
November 2018, Sidhu said: “The seed Imran Khan had sown three months ago has become a plant. It is a happy moment for the Sikh community that the corridor to reach Kartarpur to get Baba Guru Nanak's blessing without any hassle.”
The mistake that the ambitious Sidhu made was that the former opening batsman who, started off as twelfth man in Amarinder’s team, wanted to become the ‘Captain’ himself.
Further, Sidhu was seen as an Imran Khan (read Pakistan) supporter. This came in direct conflict with Captain’s moves who always spoke against the Khalistan Movement and Pakistan, in order to gain support of the Hindu community and the majority of Sikhs who realized that the violent movement (over 21,000 dead) set the state back by decades.
So
Kartarpur Corridor was an excellent opportunity for the Congress to seize
centre stage in Sikh religious affairs. After all, the Akalis never achieved
this!
What did Chief Minister Singh do?
The
State government built an international standard Tent City, spread over 270
acres, at Sultanpur Lodhi that provided free accommodation to 35,000 devotees. According to local sources, the state look
land on lease at a rent of Rs 50,000/ per acre per month.
Next
the state government is spending over Rs 550 crore on upgrade of infrastructure such as constructing roads, widening and repairing of roads, new bridges and tent city in Sultanpur Lodhi.
The money was made available, notwithstanding the Chief Secretary Punjab’s plea before the Supreme Court last week that the State could not bear the burden of paying Rs 100 per quintal (non-basmati) to farmers who shun
stubble-burning because its coffers were empty.
The Congress chief minister continued to don the nationalist cap so when Pakistan released the official song welcoming Sikh pilgrims, which had posters of Sikh militant Jarnail Singh Bhinderanwale etc. in the background, he said: “On one hand Pakistan shows love and on the other they do this. This is very inappropriate.”
We must remember that terrorism in Punjab was defeated by a
Congress and not an Akali government.
In order to embarrass the Akalis, the Punjab Assembly unanimously passed an unprecedented resolution urging
the Akal Takht and the SGPC to allow women to perform kirtan at the Golden
Temple in Amritsar.
On the defensive the Akalis took refuge by saying that that according to Sikh ‘rehat maryada’ (religious code of conduct), Sikh women are not allowed to perform ‘Kirtan’ at the ‘Darbar Sahib’.
Another historic move was making Punjab Vidhan Sabha’s one-day “special session, to commemorate 550th birth
anniversary of Guru Nanak, a joint session for the legislatures of Punjab and
Haryana.
Given the animosity that led to the creation of
these two states in 1966 and later, the move is historic. This forced even former
chief minister Parkash Badal to say it was an exemplary gesture.
Captain’s moves on a joint session, no doubt had Modi’s blessings who sees a revival of the Khalistan Movement as a hindrance to his idea of a ‘New India’. Having said that, Modi is also a politician, as we shall see later.
The State government and the Akali controlled SGPC prepared
separate stages for the inauguration. One stage was
close to the Integrated Check Post (ICP) under the guidance of the SGPC. The
other was being built by the Punjab government at the start of Shri Guru Nanak
Dev Ji Marg, which leads to the place where devotees will cross over to
Pakistan.
The
stage made by the state government was of no use because Modi inaugurated the Integrated
Check Post at Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur, organised by the Akali Dal and the
SGPC.
Modi also took part in rituals organised by the
SGPC. Later, Modi
also flagged off the first batch
of pilgrims led by Akal Takhat Jathedar Giani Harpreet Singh.
Conversely, as Prime Minister, Modi ensured that the central government agency ‘Land Ports Authority of India’ made a state of the art terminal building, fully air-conditioned with over 50 immigration
counters.
He also ensured that those standing by his side during the inauguration
were the Chief Minister, Harsimrat Badal from the Akali Dal, Sunny Deol and
Hardeep Puri from the BJP, not to forget walking up to former prime minister
Manmohan Singh.
This way Modi balanced party and national interests. It also neutralised
Captain Amarinder Singh’s moves to assume defacto control of Sikh religious affairs.
Sanjeev Nayyar is author of a mini book ‘How the British sowed the seeds for the Khalistani Movement before the Indians took over’, a Chartered Accountant and founder www.esamskriti.com.
First published in Rediff.com and here