- Governments and courts must also realize that one,
Sikhs-Buddhists-Jains are allowed entry into Jagannath temple because culturally
and spiritually there is a lot ie common with Hindus.
The
Jagannath Temple Puri is recently in the news after the Supreme Court took over
its management and suggested that non-Hindus should also be allowed to enter
the temple.
At
the outset it must be said that today and earlier too the word Hindu includes those
communities covered by the Hindu Marriage Act i.e. Hindus, Buddhist, Jains and
Sikhs. Simply put the temple is open to followers of Dharma or Indian
Religions.
Indian History
According
to a respected scholar and author of Attack
and Robberies on Jagannath Mandir, Dr Surendra Mishra (retired Research
Officer in Sri Jagannath Sanskrit University, Puri) there were never any
restrictions in Sanatana Dharma on entry of non-Hindus into Jagannatha Mandir
Puri. The restriction started after repeated destruction of the temple by
Muslim invaders.
Dr
Mishra said that two prominent temples of India that were and continue to be
revered across India were repeatedly looted and destroyed namely Somanatha in
Gujarat and Jagannatha in Puri.
For the record Somanatha temple was looted and destroyed seventeen times for eg by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1026, by Alauddin Khilji’s Chief Afzal Khan in 1298 and Muzaffar 1395 who burnt the temple and broke the idol.
Likewise
the Jagannath Temple Puri was invaded 18 times. For the record the first Muslim
invasion was waged by Illlias Shah the Sultan of Bengal in 1340. Firuz Shah
demolished the temple of Jagannatha and desecrated the images around 1360. Sultan
Husain Shah of Bengal captured Puri in 1509 and destroyed the idols in
Jaganatha Temple. The fifteenth invasion was waged by Amir Fateh Khan in 1647.
Every
such raid resulted in destruction, loot and damage to the deities of Puri. During
various attacks the deities were hidden at distant places or shifted from one
place to another.
Also read: Invasions of the
Temple of Lord Jagannath, Puri
Author of the above article Abhimanyu Dash, Lecturer in History at the Surajmahal Saha Mahavidyala Puri, wrote, “The most significant feature in the history of invasion on the great temple of Lord Jagannath at Puri that in no case the ‘Brahma’ of the deities were destroyed which continued till today. The servitors played an important role in safeguarding the triad at the time of danger. The Kings have taken care of the temple from destruction by surrendering before the invaders. The people of Puri have suffered but kept the temple safe.”
With
the advent of Maratha rule over Orissa (now Odisha) about 1751, its Dewan
Bahadur Khan wrote to King Birakishore Deva that no attack on the Jagannatha
temple would take place under Maratha rule.
Also read: When Lord
Jagannath witnessed the great Maratha devotion
The
pain caused by repeated destruction, loot and efforts by the people of Orissa
to save the temple of Lord Jagannath have become part of the collective
consciousness of the people of India, more so of the people of Puri. At the
same time there is an inherent pride and happiness that their ancestors did not
allow a mosque to be constructed on temple site as is the case at Ayodhya,
Kashi and Mathura.
Entry Barrier To Non-Hindus
Inspite
of repeated destruction of the temple of Jagannath, starting 1340, Muslims were
allowed entry into the temple till 1620 says Dr Mishra. Inspite of that Muslim
invasions and loot did not stop. It was then that entry into temple was
restricted to Hindus meaning Hindus, Buddhist, Jains and Sikhs. This closure to
Muslims was effective June 1, 1660 says Dr Mishra.
Entry Restricted To Orthodox Hindus
According to Dr Mishra, the British as part of their divide and rule policy, put a board outside temple that read ‘Only Orthodox Hindus allowed’. Unfortunately this board continues to exist. Practically speaking the temple today allows entry to Hindus of all communities, Buddhist, Jains and Sikhs. Note that ISKCON devotees (including foreigners) who are not Hindu by birth are not allowed entry into the temple.
Gurudwara in Puri
Guru
Nanak Ji visited Puri twice. Once in 1508 and again in 1510 when he eventually
could meet Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. From Puri Nanak left for Sri Lanka via
Rameshwaram.
Just to jog your memory one of the ‘Panch
Pyare or Five Beloved Ones’ who were baptised by Guru Govind Singhji on March 30, 1699 was from Puri. His name was Himmat Chand Kahar later renamed as Bhai Himat Singh Ji.
Bhai Almast, a notable Udasi preacher of the 17th
century built Mangumath
Ashram now called Mangumath Gurudwara. “The great saint of Orissa and lyric poet Bhagat Jaidev finds a place of eminence for his hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib.”
So, can Muslims and Christians offer their respects to the deities
of Jagannath Mandir?
Yes they can, but only once a year during the annual Rath
Yatra.
Why should tradition of not allowing Muslims and Christians
in Jagannath Mandir continue?
Historically the decision to stop Muslims from entering the
temple was due to destruction caused by Muslim invasions.
Has the situation changed today? Not really! More than
50,000 soldiers protect Hindus during the annual Amarnath Yatra. Such
arrangements are not required when Muslims visit Ajmer Sharif.
Further prominent Hindu temples continue to be guarded like fortresses for eg Somnath, Akshadham Gandhinagar, Vaishnudevi and Krishna Janmabhoomi amongst others not to forget the Muslim community’s refusal to hand over the holy sites of Kashi, Mathura and Ayodhya to the Hindus. Till that happens the wounds caused by destruction of temples by Muslim invaders shall continue to fester.
It is not to imply that all Muslims who visit Hindu temples
will cause destruction. That would be mischievous and wrong to say. However,
the sentiments of the people of Odisha, larger Hindu community and the ground
reality of temples being under constant threat make it imperative for the
existing tradition to continue.
This New
Indian Express report of July 8 says, “Manoj Rath, spokesperson of
Gobardhan Pitha, the seat of Puri Shankaracharya Nischalananda Saraswati, said
the decision of the seer is final on the issue. Quoting an earlier letter of
the seer on the issue, Rath said the Shankaracharya had clearly mentioned that
any deviation in the tradition of Jagannath temple in relation to entry of
non-Hindus was not acceptable. On abolition of hereditary rights of servitors,
he said the puja of every deity in the temple is conducted every day as per
Shashtras. Any deviation would harm the divinity, Rath added.
Courts are not trained to know and appreciate the
importance of religious practices and must stop interfering in Hindu traditions.
Governments and courts must also realize that Sikhs-Buddhists-Jains
are allowed entry into Jagannath temple because culturally and spiritually
there is a lot ie common with Hindus.
Also read: What
is common to various schools of Indian Philosophy
Also read: India
only home of the Followers of Dharma
Like any other organization management of the Jagannath
Temple offers scope for improvement and reform. Let the Hindu community reform
itself.
In a secular state it is inappropriate for the government or courts to interfere in the management of places of worship of the majority community. If they insists on doing so then the Courts and State must be involved in managing affairs of all communities and ensure that devotee donations made in temples, mosque, churches, gurudwaras, monasteries come to the State Treasury, like it is in the case of South Indian temples today.
References
1 Written by Dr Surendra Mishra and translated into English as ‘Attack and Robberies on Jagannath Mandir’ by Shantanu Mitra.
2
Volume 6 History and Culture of Indian People published by the Bharatiya Vidya
Bhawan.
Also see pictures of
1. Rath Yatra Puri
2 Sun Temple Konarak
3 Chilika Lake where the deities were kept many times to save them from invaders